5 interesting things you should know about Milan Cathedral

Situated in the heart of Milan and officially known as the Cathedral of Santa Maria Nascente, Milan Cathedral, more commonly referred to in Italian as Duomo, is an icon that presides over the city. The impressive Catholic church boasts more than 3,400 statues and stained-glass windows depicting biblical stories, and it’s easy to see why its Gothic beauty attracts around 5 million visitors yearly. Here are five facts that will put the Duomo at the top of your list of things to do in the Italian city.

1. No building in Milan can be taller than the Duomo’s Madonnina

Perched atop the Duomo’s famous rooftop since 1774, the gilded bronze Madonnina or “little Madonna” holds court over modern Milan. At a height of 108.5 meters (365 feet), the Virgin Mary statue protects the city from evil spirits and herself from the elements. The original statue was eroded by rain and thunder and was preserved in the Duomo Museum in the 1960s. Today, she has a new frame of stainless steel and copper plates. The Madonnina holds a lightning rod hidden in her Halberd, a weapon similar to an axe, to protect her when thunder strikes. Traditionally, local laws state that no building in Milan can be taller than the Madonnina, though now, 15 modern buildings and unmissable Milan landmarks exceed it.

2. It took six entire centuries to build the Milan Duomo

Even in a buzzing city like Milan, Italians are in no rush, but the Milanese have an expression when there’s no end in sight: “Lungh ‘me la fabrica del domm,” which roughly translates to “as long as building the Duomo.” The official construction of the Gothic cathedral church began in 1386 and wasn’t completed until the 19th century. But you only need to look at the cathedral to see that t was worth the wait — there are 3,400 statues inside and out, 135 spires, 55 stained glass windows, and nearly 100 gargoyles. These works of art are draped across the cathedral’s 11,700 square meters (125,937 square feet). Thousands of artists, sculptures, and specialists worldwide were involved in bringing it to life, including Leonardo da Vinci, though no one can seem to trace the original architect.

3. It’s the largest church in Italy

Since St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican City is technically in another country, Milan Duomo is the largest church in Italy. It’s also the second-largest Catholic cathedral in the world, surpassed only by Seville Cathedral. When you are standing beneath it, you can get a sense of just how large it is. Characterized by its pointed arches, towering spires, and flying buttresses, it showcases the mastery of its architects and is one of the best things to see in Milan at night when it is lit up. The stained-glass windows dating back to the 15th century are some of the most impressive in any cathedral and are best seen in the daylight.

4. It is home to a nail which is said to be from the Crucifixion of Christ

The Milan Duomo is home to several historical artifacts, most famously the Holy Nail, a relic that is believed to be from the cross that Jesus was nailed to. Kept in a case 45 meters above the altar, it has turned the Duomo into a site of deep religious and historical significance. Every year on September 14, during the Rite of the Nivola, the Archbishop of Milan uses a Nivola, a mechanical lift designed by Leonardo da Vinci, to retrieve the nail. The rite is open to the public, but you must reserve your spot at the Veneranda Fabbrica del Duomo offices.

5. The largest organ in Italy stands in the Duomo’s main altar

The cathedral is home to the largest musical organ in Italy and the second largest in Europe. Located in the main altar, the grand organ of the Milan Cathedral has 15,800 pipes and 4 organ cases. An instrumental masterpiece, some pipes stand over 9 meters high, while the smallest ones measure just a few centimeters. The elaborate doors covering the pipes are works of art, adorned with scenes from the Old and New Testaments.

FAQs

What are the opening hours of Milan Cathedral?

The Duomo is usually open to the public from 8.00 AM to 7.00 PM daily, though this can vary on religious holidays and special occasions, so check before you visit.

Can I book tickets in advance?

Yes, booking in advance is recommended, as lines can be long during peak visitor seasons. You can buy guided tours or use an audio guide, but whatever you choose, make sure your ticket has access to the rooftop terraces for the best view in Milan. Walk through a forest of spires atop the cathedral and get close-up views of the various statues, gargoyles, and intricate carvings.

Is there a dress code for visiting the Duomo?

As with most places of worship in Italy, you must dress modestly, meaning you should cover your shoulders and knees. If you don’t follow the dress code, you may not be let in, so bring a scarf or shawl if needed.

What else can I see near the Milan Duomo?

There are quite a few attractions within walking distance of the Duomo. The stunning Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, considered one of the most beautiful shopping malls in the world, is right next to the cathedral. Stop there for shopping or some of Milan’s best food. Walk for 10 minutes, and you’ll find yourself at Sforza Castle, where you can discover Michaelangelo’s unfinished sculpture, the Rodanini Pietà. You could also catch a show at La Scala Opera House, or venture further afield to some of Milan’s worthwhile museums.

Is there step-free access in the Duomo?

Yes, there are ramps throughout the cathedral and an elevator to take you up to the rooftop terraces.